What to do if access to Tor is blocked?
Direct access to the Tor network may sometimes be blocked by your Internet Service Provider or by a government. Tor Browser includes some circumvention tools for getting around these blocks. These tools are called "pluggable transports".
Types of Pluggable Transport
Actualmente, hay cuatro transportes conectables disponibles, pero se están desarrollando más.
| Pluggable Transport | Description |
|---|---|
| obfs4 | obfs4 makes Tor traffic look random, and also prevents censors from finding bridges by Internet scanning. obfs4 bridges are less likely to be blocked than its predecessors, obfs3 bridges. |
| meek | meek transports make it look like you are browsing a major web site instead of using Tor. meek-azure makes it look like you are using a Microsoft web site. |
| Snowflake | Snowflake routes your connection through volunteer-operated proxies to make it look like you're placing a video call instead of using Tor. |
| WebTunnel | WebTunnel masks your Tor connection, making it appear as if you're accessing a website via HTTPS. |
Using Pluggable Transports
In Tor Browser, Lyrebird is the name of Tor's program that implements several pluggable transport protocols, including obfs4, meek, Snowflake, and WebTunnel. It also implements the ability to request bridges and supports Connection Assist.
To use a pluggable transport, click "Configure Connection" when starting Tor Browser for the first time. Under the "Bridges" section, locate the option "Choose from one of Tor Browser's built-in bridges" and click on "Select a Built-In Bridge" option. From the menu, select whichever pluggable transport you'd like to use.
Una vez seleccionado el transporte conectable, haz clic en "Conectar" para guardar la configuración.
O, si está ejecutándose el Navegador Tor, clic en "Configuración" en el menú hamburguesa (≡) y luego en "Conexión" en la barra lateral. En la sección "Puentes", busca la opción "Elegir uno de los puentes integrados del Navegador Tor" y haz clic en la opción "Seleccionar un puente integrado". Elige en el menú el transporte conectable que deseas utilizar y pulsa "Aceptar". Tus ajustes se guardarán automáticamente una vez que cierres la pestaña.
What are bridges?
Most pluggable transports, such as obfs4, rely on the use of "bridge" relays. Como los repetidores de Tor normales, los puentes son operados por voluntarios/as. Sin embargo, dichos puentes no están listados públicamente, así no pueden ser identificados por un adversario fácilmente. Bridges help you securely access the Tor network in places where Tor is blocked.
Using bridges in combination with pluggable transports helps circumvent blocks against Tor, but may slow down the connection compared to using ordinary Tor relays.
Otros transportes conectables, como meek y Snowflake, usan distintas técnicas anti-censura que no dependen de la búsqueda de direcciones de puentes. No necesitas obtener direcciones de puentes para usar estos transportes.
Which transport should I use?
Cada transporte listado en el menú de los puentes Tor funciona de una forma distinta y su efectividad depende de tus circunstancias individuales.
If you are trying to circumvent a blocked connection for the first time, you should try the different transports: obfs4, webtunnel, snowflake, or meek-azure.
Si pruebas todas estas opciones y no consigues conectarte con ninguna de ellas, necesitarás introducir puentes manualmente.
Read the Getting bridges section to learn how to obtain them.